How Satellite TV works?

All satellite TV is transmitted from Geo-synchronous Satellite Transmitters. As proposed by Arthur C. Clarke in 1948, the satellite must be orbiting on the equator plane at 22,500 miles out in space. There are large solar panels generate power for the Satellite with regulated backup batteries for during the Sun light is gone.

Different Satellites are differed by frequency as they are orbiting at hundred miles apart of each Satellite. Because earth is not flat, so the satellites are located at the distance that can cover a big pieces of land . The programming are transmitted from the station on the earth to the satellite. The Satellite processes the signals and transmits the programming of various channels to all the round Dish. We called it Satellite Dish.

The dish is parabolic in shape rather than spherical as it is designed to receive/transmit the radio waves signal. While most domestic dishes are offset parabolic, that is the actual dish surface is offset to the side of the axis of rotation of the true parabloid shape. Satellite microwaves signals frequency are usually from 2.2GHz to 20GHz. Uplink and Downlink must be in different frequency band. On the coaxial cable to the receiver are normally 950Mhz to 2000Mhz. For Standard TV UHF, the frequency of the cable are 470Mhz to 890Mhz. Therefore, the higher the frequency, more signals can be received, the higher quality and faster network we have.

The Dish are responsible to receive enough signal for the Low Noise Block( LNB) to work, much the same way a large mirror collects light in a big telescope to see faint stars.

The LNB converts the very high microwave band to a high UHF band. For Digital and some analog satellites the LNB may switch between two bands. A 22Khz tone on the cable activates the higher band.